Roman Houses :: essays research papers

Roman HousesRoman houses evolved from the thatched- crown huts of the original roman civilization to the great villas of the late empire. Roman houses were not only built in Italy. thither were Roman houses built in Greece, Africa, and Britain.Roman houses were one story high, the villas of the wealthy were sometimes two. Walls were built of cement covered in stucco or preserved bricks which were commonly used until the beginning of the first century B.C. Although the cover walls were weatherp cover, they were usually faced with stone or burned bricks. The walls could also be covered with picturesque white marble stucco to give it a brilliant finish. Some windows were provided with shutters, which slid in a framework on the outer wall. The ceilings were vaulted and painted in brilliant colors. The roofs varied, with some flat and some sloped. The earliest roof was a thatch of straw, later replaced by shingles and finally tiles. Floors were covered with marble tiles. small houses floors were covered thickly with small pieces of stone, brick, or pottery and pounded down. In two story houses the upper floor was made of wood, sometimes with a layer of concrete on top. Doors were richly paneled wood carved, or plated with bronze. Usually curtains were preferred instead. Sometimes larger houses had an open court in front of the door, called a vesibulum, with pavage from the door to the street.Roman villas were divided into public and mystic spaces. The private spaces were bedrooms, the kitchen, and servant quarters. The masters office or study called the tablinum was also located in the private section. A large chest was kept there chained to the floor containing money and valuables. The main room in the house was the atrium, a windowless room with a space in the ceiling through which rain fell into. The rain fell into a hollow space called the impluvian. There were four types of atrium Tuscan (in which the roof was supported by two pairs of beams that crossed each other at right angles, testrastylon (in which four pillars supported the roof beams at the corners of the opening in the ceiling) displuviatum (in which the roof sloped down to the walls) and the testudinatum. Later the atrium was reduced to being a reception room. For lighting public rooms there were tall stands from which numerous lamps could be hung.

Children And Exercise Essay -- essays research papers

In our society nowadays one of the most difficult problems we argon facing is the bulky numbers of obesity in our children. One of the major factors in that is this our children have become less physically active. At an early age children start honoring TV, learn how to operate a computer, and match video games. Having technological skills is now a necessity in all of our lives because everything has turned computerized, but the fact is that our children are relying on these types of entertainment rather than getting up and physically physical exertion to entertain them selves. This directly affects the large number of obese children in our country today because of the lack of physical exercise. It is not that we want our kids to look a certain way or to be better at sports than everyone else, but it is that we want our kids to be physically fit and to develop a healthy lifestyle. Physical exercise is not only for adults, it is for children as well, so we must understand the im portance of our children exercising and the benefits from it. By doing that it forget make an impact on that child for the rest of his/her life.The reason we should be hesitant to allow our children to watch TV or play video games is that once a child does that, then he/she starts to enjoy it and wants to do it more and more. It becomes an event that they look forward to doing. Whether it is anxiously waiting on a certain TV show to come on, or hurrying in the house to get to their favorite video game. Children have become preoccupy with these types of entertainment and have completely forgot about physical activities. Children do not look forward to getting some friends over to play football in the backyard as much anymore. They look forward to getting friends over to go inside and play a video game while eating chips and drink cokes. Not only are they eating wrong foods, but also they are cutting out the physical activities to burn those calories off. Granted children should ha ve restrictions on the types of food they eat, I am not taking anything away from that fact. But if a child is at least exercising then he/she will burn off a lot of those calories consumed in those unhealthy foods. So one question to ask is this why are children becoming more aquiline on technology rather than physical activity?&nbs... ...verything you and your child need to know about sports, Physical activity, and good health - a doctors guide for parents an coaches. New York Newmarket Press. Kalish, Susan. (1996). Your Childs Fitness Practical advice for parents. Champaigne Human Kinetics.Hinson, Curt. (1995). Fitness for Children. Champaign Human Kinetics. Gabbard, C., LeBlanc, B., & Lowy, S. (1994). Physical Education for Children Building the Foundation, second edition. New Jersey Prentice-Hall, inc. American Heart Association. Exercise (Physical Activity) and Children. April 4th, 2005 http//www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4596 Diagnose-Me. Problems associ ated with lack of exercise. March 27th, 2005. April 4th, 2005. http//www.diagnose-me.com/cond/C380381.html . IDEA Fitness Journal. Exercise Decreases Risk of Depression in Kids. October 2004. April 4th, 2005. http//pdfserve.galegroup.com/pdfserve/get_item/1/Scdbf1ew6_1/SB806_01.pdf .

Code Of Hammurabi Essays -- History Babylon Essays Papers Ethics Soci

Code Of Hammurabi The people of ancient Babylon lived their lives not how they wanted to, that by The Code of Hammurabi. The code was the major reflector and shaper in the ancient Babylonian society. If there was something they wanted to do, they had to make sure that it wasnt against the code, because if it was, the consequences were serious, and could mean their life. save without the code, their society would be much more uncivilized and inhu servicemane. Without the code, they wouldnt brook been as advanced and as knowledgeable as they were.The code of Hammurabi reflected many things about the Babylonian society. It reflects that stealing was a very bad thing to do, in more than one way. For example, if someone stole an ox, a sheep, an ass, a pig, or a ship, they would have to pay thirty times the value of what they had stolen, and if they could not repay, they would be put to death. If someone attempted to break into another persons house, they would be killed and buried ther e, and if a man took a slave and made it his, his hands would be cut off. Honesty was another thing that was very important to the Babylonians. If a woman was accused by her husband of sleeping with another man, and she cant prove that she hadnt, she had to throw herself in the river. This also shows that adultery was unacceptable. For example, if a mans wife were caught with another man, the two would be tied unneurotic and thrown in the river. Incest was also forbidden in their society. I...

Intellectual Property on the Internet Essay -- IP Intellectual Propert

quick-witted airscrew on the InternetOn superstar of my first web sites I had an original graphic design, done by one of my friends. The design was interesting and eye-catching, two necessary elements for my site. I kept the design on the site for over six months, before taking it down and rebuilding. almost a year after the graphic went up on my site, the person who designed it saw it on another site. After he showed me, he show his disappointment. He had put his time and hard work into this and someone else had just copied the image off my site and used it for themselves. The design was my friends work and his intellectual property. agree to the United States Information Agency, intellectual property is information that derives its intrinsic value from creative ideas. It is also information with a commercial value. Intellectual property make ups (IPRs) are bestowed on owners of ideas, inventions and creative expression that have the status of property. Like tangible property , IPRs give owners the castigate to exclude others from access to or use of their property. (United States Information Agency, Intellectual Property Rights Protection)One example of tangible property is the ownership and use of an automobile. If I hold the title to a car it is my car, and I have the right to let people borrow this automobile. I also retain the right to prevent someone from taking my car. Just as I have the right to share or prevent others from using my tangible property, I ought to have the right to share my intellectual property, my word, graphics, and sounds, with whom I choose. If I choose not to reserve someone else to use these ideas, then that person will be violating my intellectual property rights.The concept of in... ...ctual Property Organisation. World Intellectual Property Organisation. 1993. http//ra.irv.uit.no/trade_law/documents/i_p/wipo/art/wipo.html (1 April 1997). Intellectual Property Rights Protection. U.S. Information Agency. http//www.usis.u semb.se/topics/ip/1.html (27 March 1997). Rosenberg, Matt. Copyright Law Meets the World Wide Web. 1995. http//www.acm.org/crossroads/xrds2-2/weblaw.html (1 April 1997). Templeton, Brad. 10 Big Myths about copyright explained. http//www.clari.net/brad/copymyths.html (1 April 1997). Thilman, Jude. Telecommunications radio receiver Project. 1993. gopher//gopher.igc.apc.org/00/orgs/pacifica/tel/5 (5 April 1997). Turnbull, Paul. Conversational Scholarship in Cyberspace The Evolution and Activities of H-NET, the On-line Network for the Humanities. Australian Universities Review. 39(1) 12-15, 1996.

Demanding Creativity: A Production-Oriented Approach to Teaching the Comedia :: Essays Papers

Demanding Creativity A Production-Oriented Approach to Teaching the Comedia For a growing mo of people in the twentieth century United States, the phrase twenty- commencement ceremony century evokes the current prominence and future promise of information-age applied science. The wonders of e-mail, Web browsing, and wired classrooms switch descended upon all of us, and these developments have made lasting contributions to the way we think, organize our time, plan our activities, and interact with other people.1 With each passing year, more and more groups and individuals embrace ready reckoner technologymost notably, the Internetfor personal and professional purposes, and teachers, scholars, schools, and institutes seem to be at the forefront of this movement. In general, this trend remains in an incipient stage, as the mystique of the Internet has not fully given way to the established use of it, and as profound socio-economic disparities within our society keep the promise and implementation of some(prenominal) computer-based activity out of the reach of some educators and many students.2 Even in the colleges, universities, and privileged school districts where the technological revolution has been solidly institutionalized for teaching and inquiry purposes, there exist among todays studentsDon Tapscotts Net Generation or N-Gensignificant disparities in interest and familiarity with the medium that defines them.3 The twenty first century as a special moment in the history of the technologizing of society may indeed be overstated, but it is certain that Internet technology exercises a direct influence on select aspects of our society, and this phenomenon has affected and continues to affect the people and institutions of society that have remained at the margins of technologization.4 In particular, the process of creation and use of goods and services of Internet technology in certain circles of United States society has emerged from and reinforced an i mage culture established during this century by the mass popularity of blockbuster movie and broadcast television.5 The predominantly visual nature of information, ideas, and epistemology of cinema and television has defined image culture in the United States, and image culture, in turn, has transformed and marginalized the generally verbal nature of information, ideas, and epistemology of photographic print culture. As image culture has established itself in our society, there has been no lack of cultural historians who have taken to print in order to lament the demise of print culture. Neil Postman argues in Amusing Ourselves to Death that this centurys triumph of television over books has weakened the quality of public discourse and thus has rendered education ineffectual.

Demanding Creativity: A Production-Oriented Approach to Teaching the Comedia :: Essays Papers

Demanding Creativity A Production-Oriented Approach to Teaching the Comedia For a growing number of people in the twentieth century get together States, the phrase twenty-first century evokes the current prominence and future promise of information-age technology. The wonders of e-mail, Web browsing, and wired classrooms have descended upon all of us, and these developments have made lasting contributions to the authority we think, organize our time, plan our activities, and interact with other people.1 With each passing year, more and more groups and individuals embrace computer technologymost notably, the Internetfor personal and sea captain purposes, and teachers, scholars, schools, and institutes seem to be at the forefront of this movement. In general, this trend remains in an incipient stage, as the mystique of the Internet has not fully given mood to the established use of it, and as profound socio-economic disparities within our society keep the promise and implementation of any computer-based activity out of the reach of some educators and many an(prenominal) students.2 Even in the colleges, universities, and privileged school districts where the technological revolution has been solidly institutionalized for teaching and research purposes, there exist among todays studentsfather Tapscotts Net Generation or N-Gensignificant disparities in interest and familiarity with the medium that defines them.3 The twenty first century as a special bite in the history of the technologizing of society may indeed be overstated, but it is certain that Internet technology exercises a direct influence on take aim aspects of our society, and this phenomenon has affected and continues to affect the people and institutions of society that have remained at the margins of technologization.4 In particular, the process of creation and consumption of Internet technology in certain circles of coupled States society has emerged from and reinforced an theatrical role cult ure established during this century by the mass popularity of blockbuster film and broadcast television.5 The predominantly visual nature of information, ideas, and epistemology of cinema and television has defined image culture in the United States, and image culture, in turn, has transformed and marginalized the primarily verbal nature of information, ideas, and epistemology of yarn-dye culture. As image culture has established itself in our society, there has been no lack of cultural historians who have taken to print in order to lament the demise of print culture. Neil Postman argues in Amusing Ourselves to Death that this centurys triumph of television over books has weakened the quality of public discourse and thus has rendered instruction ineffectual.

Cb Prepartions

Exam 3hours, 19/50 =15. 2/40 (-31) branch A MCQ (20m) Section B Choose 2 from 3 Questions (15m each(prenominal)) 1. Describe the type of promotional message that would be most suitable for each of the pursuit personality market segments (a) highly dogmatic consumers, (b) inner-directed consumers, (c) consumers with high optimum stimulation levels, (d) consumers with a high need for cognition, and (e) consumers who atomic number 18 visualizers versus consumers who are verbalizers. Give an example of a promotional message for each segment.Social character traits brace sh proclaim that inner and other-directed consumers may bring different preferences in terms of promotional messages. Inner-directed people prefer advertisements that show personal benefits while other-directed people upliftm to prefer advertisements that feature companionable acceptance. (a) HIGHLY DOGMATIC CUSTOMERS It is a personality trait that measures the degree of rigidity (versus openness) that individ uals let on towards unfamiliar and towards information that is contrary to their own established beliefs. Dogmatism general aspiration to be open or closed to impertinently ideas and vicissitudes.A person who is high in dogmatism approaches the unfamiliar defensively while the person who is low in dogmatism pass on rarely consider unfamiliar or opponent beliefs. * more receptive is Ads for new products or services that contains an appeal from the definitive figure. Marketer uses celebrities and experts to their new product advertising for making it easier for the potentially reluctant customers. * highly dogmatic consumers are probable to serve favorably to a new product when the advertising message is presented in an authoritarian manner (e. g. celebrity warrant or expert testimonials). * prefer traditional or established products rather than innovative ones. close minded towards unfamiliar and untoward information that is contrary to their own established beliefs * appro ach such information with considerable discomfort and un plasteredty. promotional message most suitable would be endorsement or appeal from an authoritative figure. * New products need to be presented in an authoritative manner and that celebrities could be employed to reach dogmatic consumers who are more closed minded. For example Colgate alveolar consonant Cream with Doctors and Experts endorsements. Anti-Polio Campaign featuring Amitabh and Sachin Tendulkar also useAuthoritative statements. The Cadburys brand took a beatng in sales after the worms were found in or sopackets. Dogmatic Consumers stopped purchasing the Brand. Amitabh Bacchhanwas indeed used as Authority figure to reestablish Brand. b) Inner-directed consumers * tend to use their own values and standards in evaluating a new product * ads aimed at them should distinguish the attainment of personal achievement and satisfaction. ads that stress product features and benefits, which enable them to usetheir own value s and standards in evaluating products * rely on their own inner values or standards in evaluating new products and are likely to be the consumer trailblazers. * other directed customers tend to look to others for guidance as to what is appropriate or what is inappropriate. * be prefer ads that stress product features and personal benefits ( enabling them to use their own values and standards in evaluating products whereas the other * For example browse Ad showing Shabana Azmi saving ii buckets of water is an example of the same.The latest from Surf Excel is currently running on television. This is the ad where many people are seen walking with two buckets good of water. They and so pour it into a large reservoir. At this point none other than Shabana Azmi informs you what a great thing thissaving of water is for the country and implores you to use Surf Excel. * manufacturer of cameras who advertises to inner-directed consumers should stress the ability to take better pictures and the resulting personal satisfaction. c) Consumers with a high optimum stimulation level * more open to risk-taking, more likely to be innovative have a greater allow foringness to take risks, try products with many novel features, and shop in new retail outlets. * likely to respond favorably to promotional messages stressing more rather than less risk, novelty,or excitement. * to seek purchase related information and to accept new retail facilities. * For example The exciting and foreign Vacation Campaign of Malasia-Truly Asia is positioning ofAirways to sell the Asian Adventures. These enjoy thinking. They are responsive to that part of Ad that is rich in Information. The TATA-AIG Life insurance Ad showing Naseeruddin Shah giving informationthough Q&A will click for them. benefit of new product offering should not merely consider functional features but also the risk, novelty and variety that the product offers. * place different promotional emphasis on particular age segmen ts, as it may be worthwhile to shrivel coverd risk for a market segment comprised primarily of older people, while it may not warrant it for a younger market segment. d) Consumers with a high need for cognition * ones who often crave or enjoy thinking. * responsive to ads that are rich in product-related information or description and are unresponsive to the auxiliary or contextual aspects of an advertisement. Need for cognition stable individual difference in tendency to engage in and enjoy laborious cognitive activity. Individuals high in need for cognition enjoy thinking abstractly. * high-NFC individuals are likely to express more favorable ad attitudes, brand attitudes and purchase intention. * more likely to use message content as a bag for judgments * high NFC leads to the generation of inferences about omitted conclusions ), to less memory decay and greater resistance to counterarguments about products), and to longer dish uping and superior recall for brands and claims individuals who are high in need for cognition would be anticipate to be diminutive thinkers, and to not necessarily accept arguments found in media or elsewhere on face value. * should be more difficult to persuade, a phenomenon that back end be investigated several ways. * high-NFC individuals did so only when the signal was accompanied by a substantial price reduction. * process information presented in the media more thoroughly than those who do not enjoy thinking as untold, able to retrieve from memory more information * individuals with high NFC, who are assumed to process information more extensively, would be judge to generate more thoughts. counterarguing and source derogations are prevalent in advertising and that support arguments are critical if persuasive messages are to have a chance of acceptance * high-NFC would be expected to engage in a wide range of media consumption activities, and would not necessarily be expected to differentiate between sources of inform ation, such as news, advertising or entertainment. All would be stimulating. high NFC individuals are more likely to closely scrutinize the arguments contained in any message, bid strategists must make sure that arguments are strong in order to cope with the higher resistance to messages by this group * come along to be the ones already predisposed to watch or listen to issue, image or financial advertising featuring long copy. The challenge for strategists thus is to compound the already high motivation of high-NFC indivduals, by highlighting the relevance of messages, and to enhance the ability and opportunities to process such messages. Example (e) consumers who are visualizers versus consumers who are verbalizers. * Verbal aggressiveness tendency to insult and attack others self-concepts to achieve ones objectives in an argument. * Visualisers (i. e. , consumers who prefer visual information, products that stress the visual) * Morning Dew Ad where there is a race with a Cheeta h is a visual treat * detailed descriptions and explanations in tar lighting verbalizers (i. e. , consumers who prefer written and verbal product information). Do the DewVerbalizers prefer verbal dimensions to the promotional message. * The Oye Bubbly Jingle of Pepsi is a Verbal treat to the ear, though it conveys nothing much about the product. 2. A marketer of health foods is attempting to segment a certain market on the introduction of consumer self-image. Describe the four types of consumer self-image and discuss which segment would be most effective to target for health foods. In Self-concept theory personality is exemplified by the kinds of things with which people overreach themselves.The self-concept has shown to be multi-dimensional and encompasses the way a person unquestionablely is, the way individuals see themselves, the way a person would like to be, and the way in which individuals think others perceive them. Theories of self-concept have generally focused on two a reas in marketing research. In the one, self concept has been applied to the discrepancy between the self and the saint self as a measure of personal dissatisfaction. In this instance, product use has been related to items that deal specifically with self enhancement.Consumers have four types of image. 1. unquestionable self image-how consumers in fact see themselves. In E echtlyday house hold products, they see themselves in Reality. For example,Washing powders Ads would be realistic. Nirma Powder focuses on Housewives ability to get more for less money. 2. Ideal self Image-how consumers would like to see themselves. In case of Fantasy Products, consumers desire to see themselves perfect, as in case ofWomen, virtue or looking Pretty is high on desire list. The fair and Lovely campaign for fairness cream sells this dream. . Social Self Image-how consumers feel others see them. Here there is an inherent fear factor also convolute as to how they are being perceived by others. For example Products which position themselves on social front, showing appropriate behaviour at parties etc appeal here. 4. Ideal Social Self image-how consumers would like others to see them. For Example, Aashirwad ready to cook products and Sambhar Masala Product campaign show the desire of Wives to be seen as a great cook by others.However, since they are working or busy, they do not have term to cook themselves. That is when the Brandcomes to rescue. And finally they are seen as Ideal Wives. There are two more categories of Self-image Expected Self image-how consumers expect to see themselves at some specified futuretime. The ABKING PRO Ad for machine to slim down people hypes this expectation ofindividuals that they will slim down and look good in Future. 5. expected self-image (e. g. , how consumers expect to see themselves at some specified future time) . ought-to self (e. g. , consists of traits or characteristics that an individual believes it is his or her duty or obligatio n to possess). Ought to self image-traits consumer thinks he ought to have. The Ashrwad readymeal Adis a hit for the wives feel that good cooking is a trait they ought to have. The expected self-image is somewhere between the actual and ideal self-images. It is somewhat like a future-oriented combination of what is (the actual self-image) and what consumers would like to be (the ideal self-image).Moreover, because the expected self-image provides consumers with a realistic opportunity to change the self, it is likely to be more valuable to marketers than the actual or ideal self-image as a guide for designing and promoting products. In targeting consumers of health foods, the marketer can use the expected self-image to attract consumers who would like to enhance the quality of their lifestyles through better nutrition, and ideal social self-image to appeal to consumers who are likely to adopt health foods due to peer influence and pressure. Advertisers focus on components that make people feel better about themselves.Many decisions pocketbookd on looking glass and ideal selfie. Aspiring to group not to date reachedimage appeal Psychographic info enhances demographic info people individuals 3. How can Toshiba use the diffusion of innovations framework to develop promotional, pricing, and distribution strategies for its computer notebooks targeted to the describeing adopter categories? a. Innovators b. Early adopters c. Early legal age d. belated bulk e. Laggards * In term of the nature, there are five major types of innovations novelty, competence shifting, complexity, robust design and around-the-clock improvement.While in term of the extent of change, innovations can be divided into incremental, radical and transformational models. Innovation deals with the change related to product, service and process, and the innovation management involve people, product, process and technology * diffusion is defined as a process by which an innovation is communicat ed through certain channels over time among the members of a social system * innovation as an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of bankers acceptance. * company will usually sell the hardware at a congenerly lower price to capture a share of the market, and then charge relatively higher prices for the software to maximize profitability * Based upon the time variable, individuals seeking new innovations are placed into adopter categories, according to the rate of adoption. Rate of adoption is the relative speed with which an innovation is adopted by members of a social system. * the rate of adoption is the relative speed in which members of society adopt an innovation. It is usually metrical as the number of people who adopt an innovation within a specified time-line. Some companies have a defensive strategy and aim to follow the leader. Such companies hope to profit from the mistakes of the first-to-market company by devising incre mental design and performance improvements and cost reductions compared with the original product. In addition they hope to try the new market that has started to grow, so timing is important. * But it was the major Japanese companies (such as Sony, JVC, Toshiba) that captured a large share of the mass market through minify the cost of these devices and improving their performance. (a) Innovators Venturesome 1st group to adoptRogers describes innovators as obsessed with being venturesome. They have an interest in new ideas and innovation and have generally very cosmopolitan type social relationships. Innovators generally have communication patterns and friendships among a certain clique of innovators even though their geographic distance between each other may be very significant. Innovators must be very financially secure in order to absorb a possible outrage from an innovation that doesnt turn into fruition. Likewise, an innovator must have a sound educational background, in or der to comprehend a complex technical terminology.Furthermore, an innovator must be able to cope with a degree of uncertainty whether the innovation will be adopted by society. Ultimately, Rogers believes the innovator takes risks in being the gatekeeper of innovations, but if the innovation is adopted the rewards are high. Early Adopters Respect 2nd group to adopt more integrated in the topical anaesthetic society than the innovator. Where an innovator is considered a cosmopolite, an early on adopter is a localite. Early adopters have the greatest degree of leadership in most localities. Most potential adopters look to the early adopter for advice and information regarding an innovation.Generally, early adopters are respected and considered successful by their peers. The early adopter is the main group that decreases uncertainty of an innovation by adopting it, and then communicating with potential adopters about the idea. Early Majority Deliberate 3rd group to adopt Rogers sugg est that the early majority group adopts new innovations just forward the middling member of society. Members of the early majority frequently interact with people in their society, but usually do not hold key positions of leadership. The early majority is the largest group and make up slightly one- terce of members in a society.The early majority follows with deliberate willingness to adopt an idea, but are rarely leaders. Late Majority Skeptical 4th group to adopt Rogers states that the members of the late majority adopt innovations just after the average member of society. The late majority also makes up approximately one-third of members in a social system. Members of the late majority are cautious and skeptical about new innovations. Most of the uncertainty surrounding an innovation must be removed before the late majority will adopt the new idea. Laggards Traditional last group to adoptLaggards are the last group in society to adopt a new idea. Generally, they possess almos t no positions of leadership within their community. Laggards point of reference is the past, they are very cautious and only make decisions based on what has already been done. Usually, laggards educational and financial resources are limited, forcing them to be completely certain the innovation will not fail before they adopt. These are the traditional categories of society members with respect to the adoption of new ideas and innovations. The diffusion of innovations follows a common life cycle. 82 However, the period over which this trend occurs varies greatly due to a number of factors. 183 By the end of the 20th century many of the following innovations were adopted by society at a much greater rate. 184 For example, the PC, Internet, and cell phone, which are all relatively new products, have steeper gradients when compared to automobiles, electricity and traditional telephones. Price is one of the most important factors involved in adoption of consumer products. This pricing policy pattern can be used to predict the rate of adoption of new innovations.When it comes to consumers rate of adoption to innovations, new technologies succeed at a faster rate than replacement technologies. An early adopting individual may decide to adopt in anticipation that the innovations rate of adoption will take off in the near future when others adopt, although past diffusion research suggest that most individuals do not adopt an innovation until after learning of their peers successful experiences. The diffusion of an innovation among the consumers can usually be presented by an s-shaped curve.On a frequency basis the adoption over time will normally follow a bell-shaped curve, but when plotted on a cumulative basis the adoption will form an scurve. 9 The s-curve reflects the acceleration of the adoption. At the early stage the curve is rising slowly meaning relatively few adopters pr. time-period (x-axis). At about the nitty-gritty of the adoption period the accelera tion peaks and then fades as the percentage of adopters goes up. This course of events is typical for the adoption of new technologies. The logic behind this diffusion lies in the actual number of adopters.The early adopters will be a majority compared to the people who have not yet adopted the technology and therefore there are less people to preach the virtues of the new technology to potential adopters. At the point where the adoption process reaches 50 % the number of adopters equals the number of potential adopters, by definition, thus providing maximal acceleration of the adoption. In the last period, adopters outnumber the people who has not yet adopted, and there will be less people to convince to adopt the technology slowing down the acceleration of the adoption process.The adopters are often divided into adoption groups. These groups are usually formed on the basis of innovativeness, meaning to which degree each individual is willing adopt new technologies, relative to o ther members of the social system. From this measure individuals can be placed into groups containing a certain range of innovativeness. The distribution is based on a mean and to which degree individuals deviate from the mean (standard deviation). Innovators are the first group of adopters and can be associated with the word venturesome.The individuals representing this group are adventurous and often related to entrepreneurial environments. The innovators run the risk that the innovation does not catch on, and thus subject themselves to a potential loss they must be prepared to absorb. Therefore innovators have to live with the uncertainty about the potentials of the technology, which can be viewed upon as the price to leave for being pioneers in a new field catalyzing the diffusion of new technologies.The early adopters are ready to adopt a new technology when they lionize that other individuals has started adopting, and sees the potential for being some of the first adopters of a new and promising technology. These individuals are often a more integrated part of the local society than the innovators, and their adoptions are crucial for the technology to take off and get hold of the broad public. For the early adopters the uncertainties about the merits of the new technology are strongly diminished, and can therefore adopt the new technology without running the risk of buying a young and untested technology.This group accounts for about one third of the total number of adopters, and provide the link between the progressive early adopters and the more skeptical later adopters. In the latter half of the spectrum the late majority also represent about a third of the adopters. This group is skeptical to new innovations, and is not willing to adopt, until a lot of other people have adopted before them ensuring the success of the technology and possibly massive network effects. The last 16 % of the adopters, the laggards, often focus on traditional values and base their decisions on past events.They are suspicious of any new inventions to change the way life are traditionally lived, and must be 100 % certain that the technology will prevail before they are willing to adopt. From a consumers point of view it is essential to think about the decisions of future adopters when choosing what technology to go with. The decisions of previous adopters are on the other hand a know factor and plays a role for the decision also. So does the structure of the market, i. e. which technologies are useable at the time of adoption, compared to potential superior technologies that could be available in the future.Recent findings indicate that there is a lack of willingness to wait by the early adopters. 11 This high priority of being among the very first users of a new technology is said to inflict negative externalities on the later adopters. These later adopters can be forced to adopt an inferior technology to make sure that they are compatible with the technologies of the early adopters, or they might be forced to gain up compatibility to get a superior technology. That said the diffusion of new technologies is often strongly dependent on the choices of the early adopters.

Environment Protection Essay

Televison has brought great changes to the way many children spend their leisure time. While some of these changes have been beneficial, other have had a pernicious effect. To what extent do you agree or disagreeMost children nowadays, watch television as part of their leisure time. It is found that watching television for late children has both its advantages and disadvantages. A child do-nothing learn quite a lot of useful things and entertain himself by watching television but he can also become addicted to watching television and take bad things from it.Television offers programs which can learn the child good qualities that should be in him as he grows up. this includes educational programs and cartoons. A child can learn languages, math, to depend on himself, take actions, work harder, how to reach goals and others. For example, a cartoon I saw when I was young called captain Majid is based on a football player named Majid where hes the captain of his team and he tries his be st to get goals for his team. other players pass the ball to him and he runs with the ball, not afraid of anyone, trusting himself and makes the right shot at the goal keeper of the other team which results in an especial(a) goal for his team. I learned from this how to be confident in myself and how to always try hard until I reach my goal.Television also can realise harmful effects to children. Children can learn bad words or to be violent. The child himself can also become addicted and this will go along him from doing other important activities he should be doing. For Instance, a cartoon called tom and jerry, which I loved to watch when I was young, is very addictive, is based on a cat and mouse fight where the cat always tries to catch the mouse. In most cases the cat fails to do this, however. you learn violence from this, in confidence and softness to try to reach your goal.In conclusion, Televison can lead to benefits or bad effects on children depending on hoe its used . Parents should restrict their children to see only programs that that can lead to better improvements in their children and their time spent on television, hoping that their children become good people who benefit their community and the world.

World Ciz Essay Chapter One

Agriculture Agriculture was discovered by a resemblance of a discarded toss which carried seeds that later was discovered of a type plant which protruded from the ground the trash was thrown. The chapter mentions that it was probably a woman that threw away the trash and later discovered the miracle of the plant that grew from the seed days later. It was from this discovery that later fuel the thought of agriculture, which eventually reached many break opens of the world throughout the flood tide years.Agriculture not only grew In size, merely many advances from this trade were discovered and used not only to Improve and Increase the size of growing food from seeds, but It lead to other avenues of engineering. However, In any type of new discovery and advances, there are disadvantages and challenges encountered. Different tribes throughout the different countries overcame many of these challenges, but there were those that had to change their approach or relocate.Some of the m ajor transformations and advances explored were the ability for seeds to reproduce into plants and food, which these fields had to be attended to in order o maintain fertility, this in turn lead to settlements and the concept of owning property, then other new technologies were developed to fulfill new needs such as storage containers and tools for processing and cultivating food. passim the world agriculture lead spate to permanent settlements, while Increasing the crop and creating food surpluses.The community of people soon discovered that they storage such as pottery for storing food harvested, metal workers who also had specialized roles. The advances that lead from the discovery of agriculture lead to people not going angry and people were able to settle on a certain property for a period of time. Some culture discovered different systems to cultivate their crops and fields, which lead to add important nutrients that created better crops. One of these systems mentioned wer e the three sister.This discovery allowed three types of crops to grown within the same field, which the roots of each plant in turn, produced nutrients for the stinker seeds. This type system is known to put together to make a nutritionally complete meal. Also, with the discovery of other tools, homes and better helter were made for families to settle and digest in order to attend to the fields and harvest their crops. This assisted the community in better living conditions and in turn created what was known as the offshoot towns.The consequences of this advancement forbidly was that farming was no more secure than hunter-gatherer Jobs plus had a heavier workload. Due to the environmental wear and tear of their bodies, as well as their diets were not diverse they suffered from a lot of diseases which lead to them dying at young ages. The positive consequences of farming would be people began to learnt how to take better are of themselves by producing vast amounts of food from p lants and it was at a comfortable range of their reach.Also, the people around them develop other ways in nutrition and tools with conduct to a more developed society. The challenge humans faced due to agriculture ontogenesis would be sharing the land fairly and evenly. Sometimes a farmer would see how another farmer is able to grow more fruit or vegetables or possible wheat, and eventually they would want to take part of that land so they themselves will be able to grow better food. With the development of government in place humans were able to overcome this a be more organized with what land people owned and also divide it fairly.In conclusion, agriculture has definitely had an important role in society development. Without it who knows how languish it would have taken for governments and other guidelines that are in placed today which have created the foundation for things such as law and order. As mentioned, of course development of anything came with challenges which people had to become more diverse in their way of thinking in order to overcome these challenges. With such diversity comes both positive and negative results.