The Difference Between Performance Of Islamic Banks And...

the difference between performance of Islamic banks and conventional banks before and during financial crisis. They did not find the difference between the profitability of two systems to be statistically different, though Islamic banks performed better than their conventional counterpart. Chazi and Syed (2010) have identified that Islamic banks have comparatively better risk management than conventional banks. Ouerghi (2014) also studied the impact of financial crisis and also conducted a post-crisis study on both banking systems to find that performance varies with the size of banks (Beck, Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt, Merrouche, 2013). Ouerghi (2014) also found that profitability, credit risk and efficiency of conventional banks was better than Islamic banks but large Islamic banks did better than large conventional banks. Similarly, Mobarek Kalonov (2014) provided empirical evidence, using two frontier approaches, from many OIC countries to compare Islamic and conventional banking. They found that though conventional banks more efficient in their operations, Islamic banks had an upper hand when it came to financial stability. Their extensive study covered pre-crisis and crisis periods. The finding of Mobarek Kalonov (2014) is validated by an earlier study conducted by Al-Hares, AbuGhazaleh, El-Galfy (2013) in which they studied banks from 2003-2011. Al-Hares, AbuGhazaleh, El-Galfy (2013) found that Islamic banks in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) were less efficient thanShow MoreRelatedIslamic Finance And Islamic Financial Experts3487 Words   |  14 Pagesof data and opinions by Islamic financial experts. Facts and figures that have been collected which will be presented. Many people are sceptical about Islamic banks performances into the niche as newcomers to the market according to Samad, (2004). As previously mentioned, Islamic finance operates in accordance with the Qur’an. Islamic banks are non-conventional financial institutions which completely prohibit the action of ‘Riba’ (Interest) under Islamic Banking. As Islamic finance follows strictRead MoreThe Performance Of Islamic Banks Essay2144 Words   |  9 PagesField Of Research The paper will analyse and measure the performance of Islamic banks in comparison to conventional banks. The performances will be measured over a 5-year period from 2009 to 2015. In comparing Islamic and conventional banks, profitability and liquidity will be examined. Introduction Islamic finance refers to the provision of financial services in accordance with the Shari’ah Islamic law, principles and rules. The principles of which â€Å"emphasise moral and ethical values in allRead MoreIslamic Bankings Role in Controlling Inflation2780 Words   |  12 PagesISLAMIC BANKING’S ROLE IN CONTROLLING INFLATION ABSTRACT Inflation has become a fact of life in nearly all countries, but it is a very serious problem in the developing countries. As far as commercial banking is concerned, it erodes the value of the depositors savings as well as that of the banks loans. Yet the banking system does not seem to specifically address this problem. This paper makes an attempt at finding a way of compensating for the loss suffered by capital due to inflationRead MoreComparative Analysis of Islamic Banking and Conventional Banking14425 Words   |  58 PagesTITLE PAGE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE OF BANKS IN MALAYSIA:ISLAMIC AND CONVENTIONAL BANKS FROM 2006 to 2010 By: SATHESH A/L GOPINATHAN B0702069 Graduation Project Submitted to the Department of Business Studies, HELP University College, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Business (Finance) Hons OCTOBER 2011 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY amp; WORD COUNT I hereby declare that the following graduation project is actually based on my original work exceptRead MoreA Research Study On Mutual Fund Essay2317 Words   |  10 Pageswhich the East Asian financial crisis (EAF) of 1997 brought a sudden halt to such a rapid development. After the EAF, the Malaysian mutual fund trust industry has experienced a solid recovery. This can be reflected in the number of management companies that steadily increased from 13 in the mid-1990s to 37 in the early 2000s (Saad et al., 2010). In line with the rapid growth of the mutual fund industry, the Islamic mutual funds also experienced substantial development. Islamic mutual funds are differentRead MoreEvaluating Performance Of Commercial Banks10074 Words   |  41 PagesEVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN PAKISTAN: â€Å"AN APPLICATION OF CAMEL MODEL† Adnan Zaheer MB-F11-200025 Abdul Karim MB-F11-200023 Abdul Basit Ishaq MB-F11-200017 Sohail Ahmed MB-F11-200028 MBA-20A (2011-2014) ARMY PUBLIC COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES (APCOMS) KHADIM HUSSAIN ROAD RAWALPINDI AFFILIATED WITH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TAXILA Acknowledgement Essential and foremost, all praises for the Almighty Allah, the generousRead MoreZeti7178 Words   |  29 PagesOF BANK NEGARA MALAYSIA †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5-6 TAN SRI ZETI AKHTAR AZIZ’Z FAMILY AND EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7-8 INDIVIDUAL ANALYSIS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9-12 GROUP ANALYSIS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13-14 ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.15-19 CONCLUSION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.20 REFERENCE †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦21 2 ABSTRACT This paper comprises study about Tan Sri Dato Dr Zeti Akhtar Aziz Governor of Bank Negara Malaysia (Malaysian Central Bank). ThisRead MoreProject Finance Assignment2466 Words   |  10 Pagesindustrial projects based upon the projected cash flows of the project rather than the balance sheets of the project sponsors. In most cases, a project financing structure involves a number of equity investors, the sponsors, as well as a group of banks or other lending institutions that provide loans to the operation. The loans are usually non-recourse loans, which are secured by the project assets and paid entirely from project cash flow, rather than from the general assets or creditworthiness ofRead MoreFactors of Customer Loyalty in Banking Industry13412 Words   |  54 Pages1.1 Introduction Banks are playing a very important role in the economic development of a nation. The healthiness of the economy is directly connected to the soundness of its banking system. The role of banks has placed them as a very valuable partner in the process of economic development. Nowadays, banks are very useful for the utilization of the assets of a nation. If there would be no banks then a large segment of assets in the country would stay idle. It is possible to attaining long-termRead MoreOpening, Lodgment and Retirement Procedures and Performance of Prime Bank Limited14692 Words   |  59 PagesAn Internship Report On Letter Of Credit Opening, Lodgment And Retirement Procedures And Performance LimitedOf Prime Bank Limited- An Analysis A Report Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For The Degree Of Bachelor Of Business Administration Supervised By Md. Mehadi Masud Lecturer Faculty of Business Studies Department of Accounting Information Systems University of Dhaka Prepared By Mohsina Akter Roll-11124 Section-B, Batch-11 Faculty of Business Studies Department of Accounting

Microsoft Accounting Strategy - 1073 Words

Microsoft’s Financial Reporting Strategy The case at hand is primarily to discuss the financial reporting strategy adopted by Microsoft Inc. for the period 1996-1999 and the subsequent litigation that arose out of the accounting practice followed by Microsoft. Microsoft’s primary operations has been developing and manufacturing of the software products. As a company, it has shown a very stable growth in terms of revenues and profits, thus enabling better than industry share price increase over more than a decade (1986-1999). With respect to the primary operation of software development and the task to financial reporting the two areas that were required to be established were – a) Treatment of Software Development costs. b) Revenue†¦show more content†¦Hence since the â€Å"technical feasibility† could be justified either ways using discretion, Microsoft chose to indicate that a larger proportion of the costs were incurred prior to establishing technical feasibility and hence the other costs related to the development are not materially significant, hence the entire costs is shown as expense. Thus using the justification that technological feasibility of product occurred sufficiently late in the development process and useful life of the product is short-lived, Microsoft was able to argue in favor of not â€Å"capitalizing† the costs and expensing them instead and use this for reporting higher expenses (and thus lower profits). b) The argument for Microsoft deferring to recognize a part of revenue at the point of sales was that say when a customer is buying software in 1996, they re also buying the right to upgrades and customer support in 1997 and 1998. Hence a part of the sales needs to be considered as â€Å"Unearned revenue†. However the real reason for stashing a huge reserved as â€Å"Unearned revenue† appears to be meeting revenue and profit guidance. Microsoft has been the dominant player in the IT sector and hence it was able to stash enough reserves over good quarters by keeping a part of its sales as â€Å"Unearned revenue† that it could easily tide over a few bad quarters. The below graph gives a pictorialShow MoreRelatedFinancial Reporting Strategy1442 Words   |  6 Pages Microsoft’s Financial Reporting Strategy 1. What are the factors that likely explain the difference between Microsoft’s market value of equity and its reported book value of equity? One of the factors that explain the difference between Microsoft’s market value of equity and its reported book value of equity is the lack of effectiveness to record certain intangible assets such as stock of knowledge (i.e., human capital) customer loyalty, and brand value. These former intangible assets mentionedRead MoreMicrosoft Accounting Case Solution921 Words   |  4 Pages*Microsoft’s Financial Reporting Strategy 1. What are the factors that likely explain the difference between Microsoft’s market value of equity and its reported book value of equity? The most obvious reason for the difference between the market value of equity and the book value of equity is the inability to record certain intangible assets such as brand value, customer loyalty, and perhaps most importantly, human capital. These intangible assets are likely to provide tremendous earningsRead MoreMicrosoft Finance1077 Words   |  5 Pages. *Microsoft’s Financial Reporting Strategy 1. What are the factors that likely explain the difference between Microsoft’s market value of equity and its reported book value of equity? The most obvious reason for the difference between the market value of equity and the book value of equity is the inability to record certain intangible assets such as brand value, customer loyalty, and perhaps most importantly, human capital. These intangible assets are likely to provide tremendous earnings growthRead MoreMsft Accounting Essay659 Words   |  3 Pagescompany had always capitalized these costs; and 4) the comp any begins amortization capitalized software costs at the beginning of the following fiscal year. Briefly speculate as to why Microsoft chose to expense all software costs as incurred rather than capitalizing a portion of these costs. Answer: Microsoft chose to expense instead of capitalizing portion of all software costs incurred in spite of the fact that FASB guidelines require treatment of software development costs to be capitalizedRead MoreMicrosofts International Financial Management: An Analysis1234 Words   |  5 PagesMicrosoft Microsoft is one of the largest technology companies in the world. They are selling numerous products ranging from software, web browsers, services, hardware, accessories and game consoles (such as: the X Box 360). The overall scope of their business has become so large, that they are the target of regulators, who believe that they are stifling competition and innovation. This is a sign of how the firm has established a large international presence around the globe. (Microsoft, 2013)Read MoreHow Mergers And Acquisition Affect Financial Performance1170 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough MA in technology industry? Research area – according to different data btw acquiring firms and target firms to analysis their company value changes before after in disclosure date. Company choiceï ¼Å¡ Cisco system Inc, Lenovo Group Ltd, Microsoft Corporation Objectives The report will focus on analysis what kind of impact will affect companies’ financial performance and its value through companies’ mergers and acquisition in technology industry. This article will use a variety of ways forRead MoreAcc 542 Discussion Question995 Words   |  4 Pagesthey play a vital role for the development and continued performance of a business entity. They consist of: * Support of its business processes and operations. * Support of decision making by its employees and managers. * Support of its strategies for competitive advantage (O Brien amp; Marakas, 2008, p. 9). Software suites are great for businesses because they save money, instead of buying individual software packages separately. O’Brien and Marakas mentioned that â€Å"another advantageRead MoreAssessing Microsofts Corporate Strategy Development and Governance1551 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Assessing Microsofts Corporate Strategy Development and Governance Introduction Microsoft has one of the most pervasive portfolios of software applications, services and products globally, equally effective in gaining and keeping customers in the consumer, small business and enterprise markets. The series of broad business models that comprise the company require intensive levels of governance, risk and compliance management (Ali, Green, 2012). Microsoft operates in over 160 different nationsRead MoreBill Gates and How the World Was Effected by His Accomplishments1203 Words   |  5 PagesBallmer, current Microsoft s Chief Executive Officer, whose room was down the hall from Bill s. Not only were his roommates amazed by his accomplishments, but also were the people at IBM. They were in desperate need of a DOS operating system, which would be used on millions of computers around the world. IBM decided to employ Bill s team, therefore, Mammoth, blue-chip IBM employed thousands of capable software builders, and didn t trust a single one of them; IBM hired Microsoft to build its operatingRead MoreMicrosofts Accounting Cycle Or Fiscal1568 Words   |  7 PagesMicrosoft Microsoft is traded on the NASDAQ stock market using the ticker symbol is MSFT. The current stock price as of October 14th 2015 is $46.84. The trading range over the past year has been between $39.72 and $50.05. The dividend rate is $1.44 and their yield is 3.06. Satya Nadella is Microsoft CEO; he is only the third CEO in Microsoft’s history. Their headquarters are located at One Microsoft Way Redmond, Washington. Microsoft’s accounting cycle or fiscal year runs from July 1st to June

Descriptive Essay - Original Writing - 781 Words

Scuffling just out of sight, the creature sniffed the air and reared it s head. It caught her scent. It s leathery black skin made it easier to disappear into the shadows of the forest they were in. The people it was hunting had no such talent. Among the people, a shorter figure in the front froze. He heard the rustling in the forest and tried not to let fear cloud their judgment. â€Å"Rekkr,† a voice said, trying to jar the leader out of his trance. Rekkr raised a finger to where his lips would be behind a thick mask. He then flattened his hand in a halting motion. Soon everyone in the group could hear the twigs snapping coming from the thick brush around the path they followed. They waited for their leader’s orders. Rekkr looked up from the ground, breaking from his train of thought. The village was in sight; though that was no statement. It was on fire, and anyone with the gift of vision could see the smoke from miles away. The screaming from the village made the warriors sweat, but their leader commanded patience. He turned slowly and faced his pack of warriors. For once, his party found comfort in his masked face, for he could show no sign of fear. Pointing a gloved hand at the back portion of the group, he swept his hand in front of him and jerked his thumb at the burning village they were trying to get to. His squad understood immediately, and half of them edged forward to get a head start. He touched the hilt of his worn and dirty sword while archingShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1110 Words   |  5 PagesI don’t know how I got to where I am, but I’m here now, and I have to win if I want to live. I am in a game, and in order to live, I have to escape. That’s the thing, though: I don’t know how to escape. I was running for my life around this old house that looked like it came straight out of a horror movie. 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InRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1012 Words   |  5 Pageshave plenty of time in the next month to think about my feeling in regards to Kendrick. I needed to finish up the article and get it off to my editor. I should be able to get it done by tonight and send an email in the morning. I was thinking of writing my next article about the sea life around the Scottish coast. Since our salmon dinner last evening I thought I would do a piece about the commercial salmon farming that began in Scotland in 1969. In 2002 over 145,000 metric tons of farmed AtlanticRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1561 Words   |  7 PagesThere’s something I need to say and what follows may not be something that you’d expect, it won’t be heartening or uplifting. If you remember today, I told you about going somewhere I wanted to go to†¦ I’m not sure if you believed and accepted what I now confess as untrue; it is partly. I needed to pull away emo tionally†¦ from you. You must have had fathomed that some degree of formality had seeped between us. Born of habit, formulaic greetings had become a routine. You presume that I’m a close friendRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1387 Words   |  6 PagesI was wearing a beautiful blue dress with sapphire gems all around the chest area as I entered the ball with Ciel and Sebastian. I took a good look around here, the hallway was lined with gold. There was a servant ready to escort us to the ball room. Hello, come this way. He said, walking forward. Wow, this place is so fancy! I exclaimed, looking around. It s fake gold. Ciel bluntly replied, bringing my hopes down. I sighed. Ciel sounded like he wasn t in a very good mood. Ciel, lightenRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1287 Words   |  6 Pages In the morning, Caireann woke me up. She stood above my bed, shaking my shoulder. I opened my eyes, looking at her. Then I looked across the room to her empty bed. Andy s empty bed sat in the corner. I swallowed, climbing out of bed. Sleep well? Caireann asked me, starting out the door. Yeah, I said, going over to our small dresser. I had the bottom two drawers. Andy had the middle two, and Caireann had the top. I pulled open the drawers, pulling on a colorful tank top and a grayRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1345 Words   |  6 PagesLater that night, I was behind the wheel of my G-Wagon with Melissa in the passenger seat. She didn’t feel like driving since she was on the road all day and I understood so I didn’t mind when she asked me to. I had been tight-lipped. She kept eyeballing me as if she detected that something was bothering me but I just kept singing to my India Arie as if I was carefree. â€Å"So are you going to tell me what’s going on or no† Melissa said disrupting my own personal concert. 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Financial Liquidity and Profitability Management †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Financial Liquidity and Profitability Management. Answer: Introduction: The main purpose of the budget is to improve the performance of the architects by providing them with improved performance solutions. Budgeting has various amount of advantages associated with it. It helps in forecasting the total amount of income and expenditure that the company intends to incur through the implementation of the new changes to help out the professionals. Budgeting helps in forecasting the future data in comparison of the past data(Alexander, 2016). Budgeting helps in defining the strategic approach of the management in order to achieve the desired results that the company is looking for. This is one of the major advantages that the company can get from making proper budgets and following the same(Jones, 2017). They can also take expert advice in situations where they want to get better budgets that are free from all kind of mistakes. In the given case study budgeting will help the ABC Company in achieving the desired results that the company is looking for with the introduction of the new campaign for the help of the professionals. Budgeting will help the company in following a defined path and earning the maximum amount of revenue out of the same. In case of any variances between the set standards and the actual results, the company must analyze the reason of such variances and then get the desired result out of the same. The main as stated goal of the target campaign is to improve the use of practioner solutions by the professionals. This is the main purpose of the given prospects of the new budget for the company(Trieu, 2017). The preparation of the budget will encompass collection of important data that might affect the total expenditure of the company. Expected revenue must also be considered that will help them in making a estimation of income from the given project of the company(Goldmann, 2016). The main expenditure that the company might incur will be in getting the required professionals who will train the employee; other expenditures might include the cost of development of the practioner solution for the professionals. The major income that the company will earn will be increased revenue from the total improvement that the professionals will have in their work. This will be an added advantage for the company. The company will need to study and do the market research that will help them in getting an idea on the total amount of expenditure and the income that the company will incur from the new targeted campaign(Belton, 2017). A budget for the company has been developed taking into consideration th e expenses that the company might incur and also the revenues are also decided on the basis of the same. An extract from the proposed budget is given, and the important details with respect to the same and stated hereunder The main strategy of the company while developing the budget should be to make sure that the main goals of the budget with respect to the preparation of the budget must be met. The company is looking for improving the overall aspects of the professionals so that there is an increment in the revenue with respect to the same. The major strategy of the company with respect of the overall budgeting procedure will be- To study the past data of the company, and get the maximum amount of information that they can get through market research. This will help them in better forecasting for the future and help the company in defining its course of action for the same. The company must try to use professional help for better analysis of the market to achieve better results through the broadcasting proposition(Bromwich Scapens, 2016). This is how the company will work and define proper budgets for the project. The company should also take into consideration any unforeseen situations that the com pany might face with respect to the given project. The company might fail because of any situations that the company might not have given importance to. Thus the main aim must be to get the best results by taking into consideration all kind of expenses that the company will incur in this process of budgeting. These are the few strategies that the company must evaluate in order to get the best result for the company. References Alexander, F. (2016). The Changing Face of Accountability. The Journal of Higher Education, 71(4), 411-431. Belton, P. (2017). Competitive Strategy: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. London: Macat International ltd. Bromwich, M., Scapens, R. (2016). Management Accounting Research: 25 years on. Management Accounting Research, 31, 1-9. Goldmann, K. (2016). Financial Liquidity and Profitability Management in Practice of Polish Business. Financial Environment and Business Development, 4, 103-112. Jones, P. (2017). Statistical Sampling and Risk Analysis in Auditing. NY: Routledge. Trieu, V. (2017). Getting value from Business Intelligence systems: A review and research agenda. Decision Support Systems, 93, 111-124.